US-South Korean Relations: A New Era of Cooperation

President Carter stated in a secret memorandum at the beginning of his administration that â€Å"U. S. – Korean relations as determined by Congress and American people are at an all time low. † This statement, coupled with his iron determination to withdraw forces from South Korea, reflected the end of what is often known as the â€Å"Golden Age† of Korean-American relations. During Park Chung Hee†s 18-year authoritarian reign over South Korea, the late 1970s portray a complex web of alliance relations and tumultuous security commitment that threatened the overall strength of the two allies. Constant U. S. intervention and attempts to influence Korea†s political process were met with massive resistance and did not deter then president Park from steadfastly continuing his Yushin system of authoritarian rule until his sudden assassination in 1979 (Gleysteen 4). However, the decades following the 1970s portray yet another shift in Korean-American relations. Once opposed to Western style democracy, the government of the 1990s (namely, Kim Dae Jung) has shed its authoritarian foundation and now supports a policy that reflects the ideals of Western democracy. South Korea has effectively put into place a system of democracy that will now be difficult to overturn, if anyone should ever again try. Although unsuccessful in the 1970s, the U. S. has finally realized its primary goal of political liberalization in South Korea. In this paper, I will discuss the relations between Korea and the U. S. in the late 1970s and the factors that led to tensions in alliance; mainly, differing political ideologies. Then, I will elaborate on the great strides Korea has made in achieving democracy, therefore lessening the political gap between Korea and the Western nations. I will do so by presenting Kim Dae Jung†s strongly democratic vision of Korea among opposing viewpoints. By analyzing his response to Lew Kwan Yew†s generally anti-Western democracy stance, one is able to discern the similarities in political thought that bridged the seemingly irreparable gap rendered during the Park Chung Hee rule. The differences in these two political leaders effectively portray the opposite ends of the political spectrum and show the changes in government Korea has made during the governments of Park and Kim. Upon Park Chung Hee†s rise to power following the military coup of 1961, it was inevitable that Korea would not follow a trend towards democracy. Given Park†s military background, Confucian heritage and Japanese education, there was nothing in his history to suggest that he would embrace democracy American-style. In fact, he considered this practice to be â€Å"inconvenient and unproductive† (Oberdorfer 32). A U. S. military assessment noted: From the time he led the 1961 coup, it has been evident that President Park had little admiration for or interest in the craft of politics. His approach to his stewardship as ROK head of state has remained that of a general who desires that his orders be carried out without being subjected to the process of political debate (Oberdorfer 33). Although heavy U. S. ressure influenced Park to return to nominal civilian rule following his coup, one can see that from the beginning there were prominent factors that foreshadowed the clash of ideologies to come. Park began his most anti-democratic line of rule in 1972 with the advent of his â€Å"Yushin† system that disbanded the National Assembly, declared martial law, discarded the existing Constitution and prepared for indirect election of the president. To silence opposition, Park arrested many of the senior political leaders of the country. He justified this radical line of rule by declaring that they were â€Å"revitalizing reforms† that were necessary to strengthen and unify the nation to prepare for possible Northern invasion and maintain national independence (Oberdorfer 38). All pretense of a civilian government was thus ended by this blatant grab for complete authoritarian power. Following a policy that encouraged gradually lower levels of U. S. engagement with Korea, the U. S. responded to this maneuver by stating that they had not been consulted or involved in Park†s actions and would seek to avoid involvement in Korea†s internal affairs (Oberdorfer 41). In effect, the U. S. was attempting to not endorse the Yushin plan as a whole by following a policy of disassociation that diminished the role of the U. S. in Korea†s political system. U. S. involvement, while always present, became significantly more intrusive with President Carter†s rise to office in 1976. At this time, America†s reaction against military commitments abroad were seen for the first time since the Vietnam disaster when President Carter advocated the withdrawal of U. S. troops from Korea almost immediately following his inception into office. Korea was, of course, adamantly against this maneuver and Carter†s own government displayed opposition to such a drastic move. However, for undetermined reasons, Carter remained steadfast in this course of action for almost the entire duration of his office. Although the administration and Congress opposed the immediate withdrawal of U. S. forces, they were not against the idea of using the issue to induce a process of liberalization. However, they had to be careful in their suggestions so as to not provoke a nationalist and regressive reaction. The U. S. ought to do this by attempting to recover strained relations with Park, hoping it would lead to gradual democratization by a friendly and understated counsel. Park too hoped to end the awkward relations with the U. S. but sought to maintain U. S. support without changing his ruling style. He proposed a summit with Carter in January 1979 but rejected Western style democracy as unsuitable to Korea. Although both sides wanted to return to the friendly relations of the past, misperceptions regarding the other†s government led to escalating tensions (Gleysteen 6). The political interplay was such that Park believed that the U. S. policy toward Korea would shift from human rights and democratization to security, whereas the Carter administration gradually adopted a flexible status quo policy linked to a strategy of offensive intervention. These exchanges in misperceived intentions and mutual suspicions spiraled into political turmoil that culminated in the shocking assassination of Park in 1979. There can be no doubt that although the U. S. pparently had not direct involvement in the assassination, its public statements and support of the opposition helped to fuel and enhance the struggle for Park†s demise. The fall of the Park regime and the â€Å"Carter Chill† are interdependent, and the decline of the Triangular Alliance Security System (TASS) is apparent as Korean politics continued to deviate from U. S. interests. There is a fundamental lack of compromise and miscommunication between the Carter and Park administrations that led to the detrimental effect of unsteady alliance. With this level of tension and uncertainty, relations can only be strained and self-defeating, for they are only encouraging instability in the very region that both are trying to maintain peace in. Judging by the transition of Korean-American relations and the dismal conclusion in 1979, neither side was entirely successful in securing their interests and maintaining a cohesive alliance management. However, the shift to democracy (and consequently, united Korean-American interests) came in 1987 when Korea held its first popular ballot since Park Chung Hee†s narrow victory in 1971. Since then, Korea has been on a sometimes shaky but determined road to continue democracy that appears to have no end. We see this commitment to democracy in current President Kim Dae Jung, who has had a long and remarkable history in advocating democracy. Throughout his long and volatile political career, Kim has remained staunchly dedicated to his belief in democracy despite constant threat and repression. Kim came very close to winning the popular ballot in 1971 against Park Chung Hee and it was no secret that Park despised and feared him. He was abducted by Park†s KCIA in Tokyo and brought back to Seoul bound and gagged, after which he was placed under house arrests and later imprisoned. After Park, Chun continued the vengeance by having Kim arrested and sentenced to death. It was only with the influence of the Reagan administration that Chun reluctantly allowed Kim to live. Prior to 1987, there had been only 2 months since his kidnapping fourteen years earlier when he had been free of house arrest, prison, exile, or some other serious official restriction. In these years of adversity, Kim has had the opportunity to strengthen his convictions and answer major questions facing Korea (Oberdorfer 177). When Kim Dae Jung assumed power as President in 1997, many thought finally. After a political career that has spanned more than 4 decades, Kim was finally able to implement his democratic ideals. Kim was also a U. S. favorite for the presidency for it meant that Korea would strengthen its democratic government and Korea would have a president that the U. S. ould relate to – unlike Park Chung Hee in the 1970s. Overall, Kim†s ascension into the presidency signified increasingly harmonious Korean-American relations into the 21st century. There is perhaps no better assurance of Korean-American political compatibility in the 1990s than Kim Dae Jung†s article that appeared in Foreign Affairs magazine in late 1994. In order to understand Kim Dae Jung†s adamantly pro-democracy article titled, â€Å"Is Culture Destiny? † one must first understand the Lee Kwan Yew interview that provoked it. In his interview with Foreign Affairs in early 1994, Lee Kwan Yew, former Prime Minister of Singapore, stated his belief that the primary reason that Asian countries cannot adopt Western democracy is due to the inherent differences in culture. In response, Korean President Kim Dae Jung argues that Asian culture does not oppose the ideals of democracy, but rather, enhances it. He believes that Asian culture in no way hinders the progress of democracy and the resistance of authoritarian leaders and their supporters only obstructs incorporation of such a culture into democracy. And above all, Kim supports the ideals of democracy and promotes it fully throughout his article. Kim asserts that though Lee stresses cultural values throughout his interview, that alone does not determine a country†s fate. Furthermore, he believes that Lee†s view is not only unsupportable but also self-serving. Throughout the article, Kim disputes Lee†s arguments of incompatibility and implies that Lee†s â€Å"democracy is incompatible with Eastern culture† argument is only used to justify his personal anti-democratic beliefs. The effects of Kim†s history of political oppression and opposition against authoritarianism can be seen throughout this response. In reply to Lee†s view that an individual exists within the context of the family, Kim points out that industrialization has brought the inevitable consequence of self-centered individualism. Also, Lee†s statement that â€Å"the ruler or government does not try to provide for a person what the family best provides,† rejects what he perceives as the intrusive nature of Western governments. In it, Lee claims that this intrusiveness is not suited for family-oriented East Asia. However, Kim argues that this is not true, for East Asian government are much more intrusive than Western governments into the daily affairs of their people. Whereas Western people exercise much more individual liberties than Eastern people, the Eastern governments tend to limit individual behavior. Singapore, for example, strictly regulates activities such as gum chewing, spitting, and littering. Lee even dislikes the â€Å"one man, one vote† principle that Kim states is a fundamental part of democracy, saying that he is not â€Å"intellectually convinced† that it is best (Kim 190). Kim goes on to argue that though he cannot disagree with Lee†s objection to forcing an alien system indiscriminately upon societies in which it will not work, he questions the extent to which democracy is alien to Asian cultures. Contrary to Lee, Kim believes that Asian culture in fact enhances democracy and even contains underlying foundations that are essentially democratic in nature. Similar to the Lockean foundation of modern democracy that gives sovereign right to the people and leaders a mandate to govern through a social contract that the people can withdraw, Asia also has a similar philosophy. Chinese philosopher Meng-tzu preached that the king is the Son of Heaven and is given a Mandate of Heaven to provide government for the good of the people. If he did not do so, the people had the right to rebel and overthrow the government in the name of heaven. A native religion of Korea further advocated that â€Å"man is heaven† and one must serve man as he does heaven (Kim 190). Kim also describes the ancient political systems of China and Korea in which the government practiced the rule of law and saw to it that all citizens were treated fairly. Powerful boards of censors supported freedom of speech by checking imperial misrule and abuses by government officials. Therefore, he says, the fundamental ideas and traditions necessary for democracy exist in both Europe and Asia. Many Asian countries, including Singapore, became prosperous after they adopted a Western style of free-market economy, which is also an integral part of democracy. In countries where economic prosperity preceded political advancement, it was only a matter of time before democracy followed. The best proof that democracy can work in East Asia, Kim says, can be seen in the fact that despite the resistance of authoritarian leaders, Asia has achieved the most remarkable record of democratization of any region since 1974. This achievement has only been overshadowed by Asia†s tremendous economic success. Kim uses the finding of experts who claim that the new economic world order requires guaranteed freedom of information and creativity, things that are only possible within a democracy. Thus, Kim maintains, Asia has no alternative to democracy because it is also a matter of survival in an increasingly competitive world (Kim 192-193). Much to the U. S. â€Å"s pleasure, Kim suggests that Asia look towards the models of the democracy in the West and learn from their successes and failures. He advocates a â€Å"rebirth of democracy that promotes freedom, prosperity, and justice both within each country and among nations, (193)† and using the traditional strengths of Asian society to better the implementation of democracy. Kim says, â€Å"such a democracy is the only true expression of a people, but it requires the full participation of all elements of society. Only then will it have legitimacy and reflect a country†s vision. † Policies which strive to protect people from the negative effects of economic and social change will never be effective if imposed without consent, but those same policies will have the strength of Asia†s people if decided through public debate. Furthermore, Kim advocates the need to strive towards a new democracy that guarantees the right of personal development for all human beings and the wholesome existence of all living this. As a whole, Asia should firmly establish democracy and strengthen human rights. The biggest obstacle to democracy, Kim asserts, lies not within culture but within authoritarian governments. Coming at the brink of a political comeback, Kim†s article was in many ways pivotally timed to gain the support of the international community as well as the majority desiring Korean democracy. Through his support of public voice, direct elections, and humanitarian policies, one can clearly see the enormous change in Korean-American political interplay during the course of two decades. Judging by the strength of Korean-American relations in the 1990s in comparison to the faltering one of the late 1970s, one can reasonably conclude that similar principles (rule of law, popular elections, freedom of press and speech) prove successful in stabilizing alliance management. The more positive image of Korea to Americans as the Koreans democratize versus all the scandals (Koreagate) and human rights violations of the 1970s have also served to improve the image of Korea to Americans. Parallel trains of political thought and an enhanced Korean image in America have helped to make the Korean-American alliance far more beneficial and reliable than it was before Park†s demise, when it was feared that relations were irreparably deteriorated. More than any other president in Korea†s history, Kim Dae Jung personifies the ideals of Western style democracy. In direct contrast to Park Chung Hee†s rule in the 1970s, Kim Dae Jung supports a political policy that embraces Western ideology. The fundamental points within his argument are in line with primary U. S. interests of democratization, so it is easy to see why Americans would welcome Kim as Korea†s leader. Twice in his political history the U. S. intervened to save Kim†s life and they further showed their support more recently when they pledged economic aid and support for Kim†s reforms. Thus, the 1990s have seen the vast improvement and strengthening of Korean-American relations while Korea progresses to become independent of the U. S. Democratization is well on its way and unlikely to regress, and Korean-American relations steadily continue to improve. No longer is their alliance merely one in which Korea is a junior ally unable to exert much influence – Korea has gradually been able to test the limits of their alliance and exercise more power than ever before. An alliance that started as a U. S. security interest has evolved to become a more interdependent one in which both states will reap the benefits. Kim Dae Jung†s parting comment, if followed, will forever bind the U. S. and Korea as allies with the same political vison – â€Å"Culture is not necessarily our destiny. Democracy is† (194).

Florida Public Health And Statutes Health And Social Care Essay

1 ) Discuss the subdivision of the public wellness legislative acts that is of greatest involvement to you. Explain why it is of import and depict what you learned as new information. The public wellness legislative act covering with Substance Abuse Services ( Chapter 397 ) is of great involvement to me.The chapter fundamentally trades with substance maltreatment bar, intercession and intervention services. Substance maltreatment is a major wellness job and leads to deeply upseting effects as serious damage, chronic dependence, condemnable behaviour, vehicular casualties, gyrating wellness attention costs, AIDS. It is the purpose of the Legislature to guarantee within available resources a full continuum of substance maltreatment services based on projected identified demands, delivered without favoritism and with equal proviso for specialised demands. It is recognized that a substance maltreatment damage crisis is destructing the young person and is the underlying cause of many juveniles come ining the juvenile justness system, and that substance maltreatment damage contributes to the offense the school dropout rate, young person self-destruction, adolescent gest ation, and substance-exposed neonates and that substance maltreatment damage is a community job, a household job, a social job, and a judicial job and that there is a critical demand to turn to this exigency instantly. Therefore, it is the purpose of the Legislature that scarce financess be invested in bar and early intercession plans. The economic cost of substance maltreatment damage to the province drains bing resources, and the cost to victims, both economic and psychological, is traumatic and tragic. The end of the legislative assembly to deter substance maltreatment by advancing healthy life styles and drug free schools, workplaces and communities. The Legislature besides intends to supply authorization for the section to spread out bing services to juveniles, to contract with community-based substance maltreatment service suppliers for the proviso of specialised services, and to hold paradigm theoretical accounts developed prior to statewide execution. The new subjects I came across in this chapter are: ( a ) Duties of the Department ( B ) Treatment-based drug tribunal plans. Duties of the section: A comprehensive province program has been designed for the proviso of substance maltreatment services which includes: Designation of incidence and prevalence of jobs related to substance maltreatment, description of current services, need for services, cost of services, precedences for support.It besides provides on a direct or contractual footing public instruction plans and an information clearinghouse to circulate information about the nature and effects of substance abuse. , developing for forces who provide substance maltreatment services, a information aggregation and airing system, in conformity with applicable federal confidentiality regulations. , basic epidemiological and statistical research and the airing of consequences, research in cooperation with qualified research workers on services delivered. The Department plans to set up a support plan for the airing of available federal, province, and private financess through contractual understandings with community-based orga nisations or units of province or local authorities which deliver local substance maltreatment services. Treatment based drug tribunal plans The treatment-based drug tribunal plans include curative law rules and adhere to the 10 cardinal constituents, recognized by the Drug Courts Program Office of the Office of Justice Programs of the United States Department of Justice and adopted by the Florida Supreme Court Treatment-Based Drug Court Steering Committee. : ( a ) Drug tribunal plans integrate intoxicant and other drug intervention services with justness system instance processing. ( B ) Using a non adversarial attack, prosecution and defence advocate promote public safety while protecting participants ‘ due procedure rights. ( degree Celsius ) Eligible participants are identified early and quickly placed in the drug tribunal plan. ( 500 ) Drug tribunal plans provide entree to a continuum of intoxicant, drug, and other related intervention and rehabilitation services. ( vitamin E ) Abstinence is monitored by frequent proving for intoxicant and other drugs. ( degree Fahrenheit ) A co-ordinated scheme governs drug tr ibunal plan responses to participants ‘ conformity. ( g ) Ongoing judicial interaction with each drug tribunal plan participant is indispensable. ( H ) Monitoring and rating step the accomplishment of plan ends and gauge plan effectivity. ( I ) Continuing interdisciplinary instruction promotes effectual drug tribunal plan planning, execution, and operations. ( J ) Forging partnerships among drug tribunal plans, public bureaus, and community-based organisations generates local support and enhances drug tribunal plan effectivity The support of a treatment-based drug tribunal plan under which individuals in the justness system assessed with a substance maltreatment job will be processed in such a mode as to suitably turn to the badness of the identified substance maltreatment job through intervention services tailored to the single demands of the participant. ( 2 ) Identify two different types of attacks or methods used to progress the wellness of Floridians ( e.g. , service bringing, ordinance ) . For each, describe an illustration from the Florida public wellness legislative acts and place a possible restriction that could discourage accomplishing the intended result. The two different types of attacks or methods used to progress the wellness of Floridians are: ( a ) Health Insurance Access. ( ss.408.90-408.910 ) ( B ) Delivery of disease control services-Tuberculosis Control ( Delivery of Tuberculosis control services ) ( chapter 392 ) ( A ) Health Insurance Access: The Legislature finds that a important figure of the occupants of this province do non hold equal entree to affordable, quality wellness attention because the premiums are unaffordable The Legislature intends to supply a province wellness insurance plan for those people who are without wellness insurance so that they may hold entree to preventive and primary attention services. The province wellness insurance plan programs to offer basic, low-cost wellness attention services to those Floridians who have non had entree to the private wellness insurance market. The Legislature intends that the province plan shall aim the uninsured and non those who presently have private wellness insurance coverage. . The Legislature farther discoveries that increasing entree to affordable, quality wellness attention can be best accomplished by set uping a competitory market for buying wellness insurance and wellness services. It is hence the purpose of the Legislature to make the Florida Health Choices Program to: Expand chances for Floridians to buy low-cost wellness insurance and wellness services, preserve the benefits of employment-sponsored insurance while easing the administrative load for employers who offer these benefits, enable single pick in both the mode and sum of wellness attention purchased, supply for the purchase of single, portable wellness attention coverage, disseminate information to consumers on the monetary value and quality of wellness services, Sponsor a competitory market that stimulates merchandise invention, quality betterment, and efficiency in the production and bringing of wellness services Every occupant of this province who has a gross household income that is equal to or below 250 per centum of the federal poorness degree and who meets the demands of this subdivision is eligible to inscribe in the Med Access plan. Every eligible individual who enrolls in the Med Access plan is entitled to have benefits for any covered service furnished within this province by a take parting supplier which include physician services, hospital inmate services, hospital outpatient services, research lab services, household planning services, outpatient mental wellness services Registration in the Med Access plan is capable to eligibility and financial restrictions and shall be renewed yearly. Restrictions of Med Access Program: ( 1 ) The Med Access plan shall non cover benefits that are provided as portion of workers ‘ compensation insurance. ( 2 ) The Med Access plan shall except coverage for preexisting conditions, except gestation, during a period of 12 months following the effectual day of the month of coverage every bit long as: ( a ) The status manifested itself within a period of 6 months before the effectual day of the month of coverage ; or ( B ) Medical advice or intervention was recommended or received within 6 months before the effectual day of the month of coverage. ( 3 ) The Med Access plan shall non include coverage for outpatient prescription drugs, spectacless, dental services, tutelary attention, or exigency services for non emergent conditions. ( 4 ) Any member of the Med Access plan who is determined to be at â€Å" high hazard † by a take parting primary attention supplier shall, upon reclamation, hold to be placed in a instance direction system when it is determined by the plan to be in the best involvement of the member and the Med Access plan. ( 5 ) No individual on whose behalf the plan has paid out $ 500,000 in covered benefits is eligible for continued coverage in the Med Access plan. ( B ) Delivery of Disease Control Services: TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL ( Delivery of TB control services ) Active TB is a extremely contagious infection that is sometimes fatal and constitutes a serious menace to the public wellness. There is a important reservoir of TB infection in this province and that there is a demand to develop community plans to place TB and to react rapidly with appropriate steps. Some patients who have active TB have complex medical, societal, and economic jobs that make outpatient control of the disease hard, if non impossible, without presenting a menace to the public wellness. The Legislature finds that in order to protect the people from those few individuals who pose a menace to the populace, it is necessary to set up a system of compulsory contact designation, intervention to bring around, hospitalization, and isolation for contagious instances and to supply a system of voluntary, community-oriented attention and surveillance in all other instances. The Legislature finds that the bringing of TB control services is best accomplished by the co-ordinated attem pts of the several county wellness sections, the A.G. Holley State Hospital, and the private wellness attention bringing system. Community TB control programs. — The section operates, straight or by contract, community TB control plans in each county in the province. Community TB control plans trades with the: Promotion of community and professional instruction about the causes and dangers of TB and methods of its control and intervention to remedy ; Community and single showing for the presence of TB ; Surveillance of all suspected and reported instances of active TB, including contact probe as necessary and as directed by the section ; Reporting of all known instances of TB to the section ; Development of an individualised intervention program for each individual who has active TB and who is under the attention of the section, including proviso of intervention to remedy and follow up, and the distribution of medicine by agencies of straight observed therapy, if appropriate, to eligible individuals under regulations and guidelines developed by the section ; and Provision of guidance, periodic retesting, and referral to allow societal service, employment, medical, and lodging bureaus, as necessary for individuals released from hospitalization or residential arrangement. The section plans to develop, by regulation, a methodological analysis for administering financess appropriated for TB control plans. Standards to be considered in this methodological analysis include, but are non limited to, the basic substructure available for TB control, caseload demands, laboratory support services needed, and epidemiologic factors. The end of the intervention program is to accomplish intervention to bring around by the least restrictive agencies. The section shall develop, a standard intervention program form that must include, but is non limited to, a statement of available services for intervention, which includes the usage of straight observed therapy ; all findings in the rating and diagnostic procedure ; mensurable aims for intervention advancement ; and clip periods for accomplishing each aim. Each intervention program must be implemented through a instance direction attack designed to progress the single demands of the individual who has active TB. The in dividual ‘s advancement in accomplishing the aims of the intervention program must be sporadically reviewed and revised as necessary, in audience with the individual. Restrictions of Tuberculosis control services: Disobedience to anti tubercular therapy is a major restriction to the TB control plans. The failure to take prescribed medicine is a cosmopolitan perplexing phenomenon. This fact must be taken into consideration when one enterprises to handle a patient or control diseases in a community. Terbium is a catching disease necessitating drawn-out intervention, and hapless attachment to a prescribed intervention increases the hazard of morbidity, mortality and spread of disease in the community The curative regimens given under direct observation as recommended by WHO have been shown to be extremely effectual for both forestalling and handling TB but hapless attachment to anti TB medicine is a major barrier to it ‘s planetary control. Factors associated with patients for hapless conformity in the pre-DOTS ( Directly Observed Treatment Short-course ) epoch are alleviation from symptoms, inauspicious reactions to drugs, domestic and work-related jobs. In an urban TB control plan, disobe dience with DOTS was common and was closely associated with alcohol addiction and homelessness. Disobedience is associated with an addition in the happening of hapless results from intervention and accounted for most intervention failures. Advanced plans are needed to cover with alcohol addiction and homelessness in patients with TB. [ 1 ] 3 ) Select a wellness profession of involvement to you. Discourse the chief elements of how the profession is regulated, how the ordinances benefit the profession and the community, every bit good as any restrictions A wellness profession that involvements me the most is medical pattern ( chapter 458 ) .The profession is regulated by a set of regulations and the primary legislative intent is to guarantee that every doctor practicing in this province meets minimal demands for safe pattern. It is the legislative purpose that physicians who fall below minimal competence or who otherwise show a danger to the public shall be prohibited from practising in this province. Any individual wanting to be licensed as a doctor, who does non keep a valid licence in any province, is supposed to use to the section on signifiers furnished by the section. The section provides a licence to each applier who the board certifies: has completed the application signifier and remitted a nonrefundable application fee non to transcend $ 500, Is at least 21 old ages of age, is of good moral character, has non committed any act or discourtesy in this or any other legal power which would represent the footing for training a ph ysician pursuant and meets one of the undermentioned medical instruction and graduate student preparation demands: ( A ) Is a alumnus of an allopathic medical school or allopathic college recognized and approved by an accrediting bureau recognized by the United States Office of Education or is a alumnus of an allopathic medical school or allopathic college within a territorial legal power of the United States recognized by the recognizing bureau of the governmental organic structure of that legal power or Is a alumnus of an allopathic foreign medical school registered with the World Health Organization and certified pursuant to s. 458.314 as holding met the criterions required to recognize medical schools in the United States or moderately comparable criterions ( B ) Has had his or her medical certificates evaluated by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, holds an active, valid certification issued by that committee, and has passed the scrutiny utilized by that committee ; and ( C ) Has obtained a passing mark, as established by regulation of the board, on the licensure scrutiny of the United States Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE ) ; or a combination of the United States Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE ) . The section and the board assures that appliers for licensure meet all the standards through an fact-finding procedure. When the fact-finding procedure is non completed within the clip set and if the section or board has ground to believe that the applier does non run into the standards, the State Surgeon General or the State Surgeon General ‘s designee may publish a 90-day licensure hold which shall be in composing and sufficient to advise the applier of the ground for the hold. Furthermore, the section may non publish an unrestricted licence to any person who has committed any act or discourtesy in any legal power which would represent the footing for training a physician pursuant to s. 458.331. When the board finds that an person has committed an act or discourtesy in any legal power which would represent the footing for training a physician pursuant to s. 458.331, so the board may come in an order enforcing one or more of the footings set Forth in subdivision. The section besides issues punishments for go againsting regulations and ordinances such as: The pattern of medical specialty or an effort to pattern medical specialty without a licence to pattern in Florida, the usage or attempted usage of a licence which is suspended or revoked to pattern medical specialty, .attempting to obtain or obtaining a licence to pattern medical specialty by cognizing deceit, trying to obtain or obtaining a place as a medical practician or medical occupant in a clinic or infirmary through cognizing deceit of instruction, preparation, or experience. Restrictions of medical pattern are: The Legislature recognizes that the pattern of medical specialty is potentially unsafe to the populace if conducted by insecure and unqualified practicians. The Legislature finds further that it is hard for the populace to do an informed pick when choosing a doctor and that the effects of a incorrect determination could earnestly harm the public wellness and safety. ( illustration: inauspicious incidents in office pattern scenes. the term â€Å" inauspicious incident † means an event over which the doctor or licensee could exert control and which is associated in whole or in portion with a medical intercession, instead than the status for which such intercession occurred, and which consequences in the undermentioned patient hurts: The decease of a patient, encephalon or spinal harm to a patient, lasting disfiguration, the public presentation of a surgical process on the incorrect patient, The public presentation of a wrong-site surgical process ; the public presentation of a i ncorrect surgical process or the surgical fix of harm to a patient ensuing from a planned surgical process where the harm is non a recognized particular hazard as disclosed to the patient and documented through the informed-consent procedure ) . The section reviews each incident and determine whether it potentially involved behavior by a wellness attention professional who is capable to disciplinary action and disciplinary action, if any, will be taken by the board under which the wellness attention professional is licensed. When the board determines that any applier for licensure has failed to run into, to the board ‘s satisfaction, each of the appropriate demands set Forth in this subdivision, it may come in an order necessitating one or more of the undermentioned footings: ( a ) Refusal to attest to the section an application for licensure, enfranchisement, or enrollment ( B ) Certification to the section of an application for licensure, enfranchisement, or enrollment with limitations on the range of pattern of the licensee ; or ( degree Celsius ) Certification to the section of an application for licensure, enfranchisement, or enrollment with arrangement of the doctor on probation for a period of clip and capable to such conditions as the board may stipulate, including, but non limited to, necessitating the doctor to subject to intervention, attend go oning instruction classs, submit to redirect examination, or work under the supervising of another doctor.

Information system High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information system High School - Essay Example It employs effective communication between the project team and the end-users. Project management practices when used properly, effectively and efficiently would address the problems encountered during the project life cycle. This paper covers the potential problems and the different best practices for an IT project. IT professionals and specialists are considered optimists and often assume that everything will go smoothly and as planned (Wiegers, 1998). They never worry about problems until they happened. This attitude often leads to unwanted surprises which might throw the project off track. In order to prepare for potential risks on the project and its implementation, the project management team shall create a formal risk management process. A formal risk model provides a structured mechanism to identify and control threats. The team can collaboratively address their shared risks and assign responsibility for risk reduction. Members can bring together their experience and knowledge in order to identify opportunities to control the risks. The best practices for tapping members' know-how are brainstorming, education, process improvement and application of software engineering and management techniques (Kliem & Ludin, 2000).

Human Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Capital - Essay Example This is a case analysis of the Riordan Manufacturing, a global plastics producer employing 550 people with projected annual earnings of $46 million. The company is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. Production is divided among three plants: plastic beverage containers in Albany, Georgia; custom plastic parts in Pontiac, Michigan; and plastic fan parts in Hangzhou, China. Research and Development is conducted at corporate headquarters in San Jose, California. Riordans major customers are automotive parts manufacturers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers and bottlers, and appliance manufacturers. The cause of the problem that Riordan Manufacturing is facing is rooted from several strategic changes in the way it manufactures and markets its products. The declining sales and uneven profits over the past two years not only forced the company to change its sales processes, but prompted them to adopt a customer-relationship management (CRM) system. So now customers are serviced primarily by sales teams rather than single salespeople, with each team focusing on a particular customer segment. Teams typically include a sales person, product engineering specialist and customer service representatives. The company is hoping that the team approach will improve sales. With some work being redirected to a new manufacturing facility in China, and plants have been restructured into self-directed work teams, the changes implemented have caused the employee retention numbers to decline. An employee survey showed a decrease in overall job satisfaction, particularly in the areas of compensatio n and benefits. Riordan’s employees comprise three major demographic groups. Baby boomers make up the bulk of the managerial and about half of the manufacturing

The Effect Of RMB Revalue To The Economy Of China Dissertation

The Effect Of RMB Revalue To The Economy Of China - Dissertation Example The expectation on appreciation of RMB was postponed during the global financial crisis. The appreciation of RMB will affect the aggregate demand through two canals. The appreciation will cause pressure on the supply of money. This will lead monetary expansion in cases where sterilized intervention is not sufficient. The aggregate demand and prices of the assets will get stimulated. The imbalances between demand and supply will increase because of the expectations associated with trade surplus and speculative inflows of capital. The monetary authorities will buy the excess supply of foreign exchange in the market in order to maintain stability in exchange rates. The growth in assets of foreign currency was much more than the growth of base money. The growth of foreign assets even crossed the rate of growth of broad money. This puts pressure on the monetary authorities to fasten down the monetary growth. The growth of money will be out of control if measures of sterilized intervention cannot keep up to the task. The growth of assets of foreign currency has dropped below the growth rate of broad money after the financial crisis. In the long run, the growth rate of broad money will settle in the usual level and short term capital will start to enter into the economy of China and this will again put the supply of money under pressure. But even if the monetary authorities are able to control the stable growth rate of money supply, then also the expectation for appreciation of RMB will stimulate the aggregate demand and prices of the assets will rise. Once the appreciation of RMB is expected, the expected returns on the assets that are risky will increase and price of these assets will take the steep rising path. The value of the collateral will...The politicians of U.S. are of the opinion that revaluation of the RMB will act as the solution in problems of trade deficit. But the reality is that the current trade deficit that U.S. has with China is mainly because of t he prevailing economic conditions in U.S. So the trade deficit that is affected by RMB is negligible (Hong Kong Industrialist, 2005/6, p. 15). Introduction The director of Peterson Institute for International Economics blamed the undervaluation of the currency of China for job losses in the country of United States. The director also drew a plan of action if China did not withdraw the control of currency and permit the renminbi (RMB) to gain strength. The central bank of China known as the People’s Bank of China allowed for some relaxation. The bank announced that will abandon the two year old peg. The peg has kept the RMB with the dollar (Yu, 2010, p. 2). It allowed RMB to respond according to the forces of the market. China will now begin to move into the regime of floating exchange rate. The regime will be a tight one which was in practice in the period between 2005 and 2008. The value of RMB will be the base on a basket of currencies within a narrow range (Wharton Univers ity of Pennsylvania, 2010). Method of Analysis In the method of analysis the previous researches will be taken into account and stress will be given on assessing the impact of the revaluation on the economy. The different effects namely the balance sheet effect and the economic effect will be taken into consideration.

Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Computer Security - Essay Example Frequently, programs bundle spyware with freeware or shareware, though it can also arrive via email, instant messages or web downloads. On the other hand data breaches occur when personal consumer information is lost or stolen, and can result in the loss of hundreds or millions of records. This information can then be used to commit crimes, including fraudulent unemployment claims (Goodin, 2008), fraudulent tax returns (McMillan, 2008), fraudulent loans (Hogan 2008), home equity fraud (Krebs, 2008), and payment card fraud. Consumers can also suffer the burden of increased loan interest rates, being denied utility services, civil suits or criminal investigation (Baum, 2004). While the consumer costs incurred from credit card fraud may be negligible, out of pocket expenses can reach thousands of dollars. It is results of all these effects of spam that there had to be changes in infrastructure made. The anti-spyware legislation is currently under consideration in 27 U.S States as well a s in the U.S. Congress is one of these changes. It aims to prohibit spyware from delivering advertisements to a computer under certain circumstances..

History of Slavery in the Caribbean and West Africa Essay

History of Slavery in the Caribbean and West Africa - Essay Example In the strictest sense of the word, "slaves" are people who are not only owned, but are also not paid, and who have no rights. The word comes from Latin term sclavus, which is thought, was originally referring to slavs, peoples from Eastern Europe, including parts of the Byzantine Empire. However, the current usage of the word serfdom is not usually synonymous with slavery, because serfs are considered to have had some rights. The International Labor Organization (ILO) considers slavery as a form of forced labor. It defines "forced labor" to be "all work or service which is extracted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily", albeit with certain exceptions: military service, convicts, emergencies and minor community services (Slavery). Historically, slaves were most of the time humans of a different ethnicity, nationality, religion, sex or race than the dominant or aspiration ally dominant group; typically taken prisoner because of warfare, capture meant death or slavery if no one paid ransom. Societies characterized by poverty, population pressures, and cultural and technological lag are frequently exporters of slaves to more developed nations (Slavery). In ancient times, Greco-Roman slavery may have been related to the practice of infanticide. Unwanted infants were exposed to nature to die; slave traders, who raised them as slaves, then often rescued these. In many cultures, persons convicted of serious crimes could be sold into slavery. The proceeds from this sale were often used to compensate the victims (Slavery). The Slave life The daily life of a slave was never easy. Slaves either work on the field or in the house for house slaves, all the cooking and cleaning was done by hand. They were often the ones to take care of any children of their master. Although slaves received better food in few times, their working days were longer because of lights in the house. Slaves who work in the fields work from day until dawn. The work was back breaking, and overseers often did not care if a slave was worked to death (Bushong).Until the early 1800, slaves were cheap. If one died, they would just go to the slave market and buy another one.If a slave was thought to be disrespectful or did not do their work correctly, punishment was often brutal. Being beaten or whipped becomes a normal experience for most slaves. One slave girl, who eventually escaped slavery, was hit in the head with something heavy that the overseer threw at her. She nearly died, but recovered after several months. She suffered from terrible headache s the rest of her life. Other slaves were punished with starvation, sold to a harder master, or possibly sent to a slave breaker (Bushong). Conditions aboard the slave ships were even harsher. Slaves were stuck into the hull and chained to one another in order to stop revolts. Only one out of five slaves will survive the journey from Africa to America. Slaves who caught up with incurable diseases such as smallpox will be immediately thrown overboard (Dowling). Those who survived the long harsh journey will face even more pain on the plantations. Many of the plantation owners had returned to Europe, leaving their holdings in America to be managed by overseers who were often unstable or unsavory. Upon arrival, family members are

World View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World View - Essay Example Culture is quite a flexible and fragile phenomenon, a feature which gives it extensive dynamism. Therefore, it changes easily and can be easily lost because it only exists in the minds of people. Culture determines many aspects of the lives of people. It has a strong influence on government, formal language, architecture, and a host of other products of human creativity (O’Neil, 1 – 4). Human culture occurs in three levels. The first one is the collection of cultural traditions that are unique to a society. An example of this is Japanese culture. The second level of culture is a subculture. In societies composed of groups of people who have come from a number of different parts of the world, individuals usually retain their culture, which distinguishes them from the rest of society. The third level of culture is cultural universals, which consists of behavioral patterns that people learn and collectively share all over the world. Examples of cultural traits characterist ic of cultural universals are; the use of gender and age to classify individuals within the society, and the division of labor on a gender basis (O’Neil, 4 – 7). Mythology Mythology is a body of myths possessed by a particular society. A myth is a narrative of a sacred nature that provides an explanation as to why the humankind or the world transformed to become as it is now. Myths usually contain supernatural characters and religious leaders of the society usually endorse them. Myths are part of the culture of a society and, therefore, play a decisive role in shaping that society’s behavioral patterns. This is especially because they substantially influence a society’s religious beliefs.

Problems with the Channel Tunnel Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Problems with the Channel Tunnel Project - Essay Example This paper discusses that the Channel Tunnel project represents one of the greatest engineering feats executed in the twentieth century. The tunnel project connects England and France through a railway link that exists in the ground layer under water. This project effectively reduced the dependency on the English Channel as a means of transportation between England and France. Moreover, this project can be seen as laying the basis for larger and longer tunnel projects that might one day even connect the Atlantic. On the business front, the Channel Tunnel project represents one of the largest privately funded projects ever undertaken. The project relied on the cooperation between two governments, several bankers providing the funding and several contractors along with numerous regulatory agencies. As mentioned before, the engineering aspects of the tunnel and its railway traffic represented new unbroken ground. This in itself represented new challenges as the Channel Tunnel forced eng ineers to do what was previously seen as impossible. As the Channel Tunnel project proceeded, several major and myriad minor changes had to be undertaken to make the project a success. The Channel Tunnel project represented something that had never been done before so the challenges confronting all teams on all fronts were new and required innovation to be dealt with successfully. Later changes in the structure of the project also mandated some large changes. Finally, as the Channel Tunnel project was commissioned, it was found that the project was both over budget and late. A number of complex factors and situations were responsible for creating delays and overruns through the life of the project. This text will attempt to analyse the complex factors that were responsible for these delays and overruns while also suggesting solutions that could be implemented in the future to avoid similar problems. These factors will be looked at in detail from the perspective of the planning and i mplementation phases that represent the greatest project management problems. 2. Problems with the Channel Tunnel Project 2.1. Planning Issues The initial planning phase demarcated that the Channel Project was to provide a fixed transportation system that connected England and France. This new transportation connection was expected to spur economic growth and development. In addition, the Channel Project was expected to aid the integration of Britain with mainland Europe in order to improve European trade. Moreover, the tunnel between England and France was expected to provide cheaper alternatives to more expensive modes of transportation such as shipping and air transport. The railway system envisioned for the purpose was also better in that it was a high-speed system when compared to both shipping and air transport. Although working for the Channel Tunnel had been on going in the seventies but the real concrete measures came through in 1984. The British and French governments agre ed to common proposals for safety, security and environmental concerns before the project was opened up for bidding. Both governments in 1985 requested the first proposals for the Channel Project. A number of proposals were submitted for the Channel Project. After an evaluation from both the British and French sides, the proposal submitted by Channel Tunnel Group / FranceManche (later Eurotunnel) was accepted. The initial proposal delineated a 32-mile double rail tunnel that was to accommodate passenger trains as well as cargo trains and a special truck and car carrying shuttle service. The initial bid price was set at some $5.5 billion for the entire project. 2.2. Shortage of Time for Planning The initial proposals were submitted in a short period and this in turn led to many oversights that could have been avoided by detailed studies. When put in a project management perspective, it could be surmised that high-level design estimates along with rough order of magnitude estimates co uld have led to better estimates as to the total scope and cost of the project. The shortage of